A refusal by hostages to cooperate with police and other government authorities.No previous relationship between hostage and captor.A hostage's development of positive feelings towards the captor.There are four key components that characterize Stockholm syndrome: Stockholm syndrome is paradoxical because the sympathetic sentiments that captives feel towards their captors are the opposite of the fear and disdain which an onlooker might feel towards the captors. It was noted that in this case, however, the police were perceived to have acted with little care for the hostages' safety, providing an alternative reason for their unwillingness to testify. The hostages defended their captors after being released and would not agree to testify in court against them. This term was first used by the media in 1973 when four hostages were taken during a bank robbery in Stockholm, Sweden. The syndrome is rare: according to data from the FBI, about 8% of hostage victims show evidence of Stockholm syndrome. Stockholm syndrome has never been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or DSM, the standard tool for diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses and disorders in the US, mainly due to the lack of a consistent body of academic research. Įmotional bonds may be formed between captors and captives, during intimate time together, but these are generally considered irrational in light of the danger or risk endured by the victims. This makes it hard to determine trends in the development and effects of the condition- and, in fact, it is a "contested illness" due to doubt about the legitimacy of the condition. Therefore, it is difficult to find a large number of people who experience Stockholm syndrome to conduct studies with any sort of power. It is supposed to result from a rather specific set of circumstances, namely the power imbalances contained in hostage-taking, kidnapping, and abusive relationships. Stockholm syndrome is a theorized condition in which hostages develop a psychological bond with their captors during captivity. Former Kreditbanken building in Stockholm, Sweden, the location of the 1973 Norrmalmstorg robbery (photographed in 2005)
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